Overview
The Matterhorn is one of the most recognizable mountains in the world, a near-perfect pyramidal peak rising to 4,478 meters in the Pennine Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It overlooks the Swiss town of Zermatt and the Italian town of Breuil-Cervinia.
Geography and Physical Features
The Matterhorn has four steep faces, oriented to the cardinal directions, that meet at its sharp summit. The mountain is composed of layered gneiss and was formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. Several glaciers descend from its base, although they have retreated significantly in recent decades.
Significance
The first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 by a party led by Edward Whymper is one of the most famous events in mountaineering history, marking the symbolic end of the golden age of alpinism. The descent was marred by the deaths of four climbers, and the tragedy became legendary.
Notable Facts
The Matterhorn is depicted on the Toblerone chocolate logo, helping cement its status as a global icon. It is one of the most photographed mountains in the world. Although technically demanding, the mountain sees over 3,000 climbers each season via the standard Hornli Ridge route.